统一碳税和差异化碳税下的再制造绩效评价

分别在无碳税、统一碳税和差异化碳税三种政策下,构建了垄断制造商的利润最大化决策模型,研究实施不同碳税政策对制造商的再制造生产决策、碳排放和社会福利的影响.研究表明:相比于无碳税政策,政府征收碳税减少了制造商的利润和碳排放,在一定条件下有利于提高社会福利;实施碳税政策有利于鼓励更多类型的制造商参与再制造,并且差异化碳税比统一碳税具有更大的灵活性.进一步地,结合理论比较和数值试验,研究了政府在统一碳税的基础上分别做单向和双向差异化碳税调整后的绩效变化情况,结论表明:统一碳税与差异化碳税不存在绝对占优的碳税形式.政府应根据再制造品特点、单位环境污染损失、统一碳税基准水平和调整幅度等特点,采取合理的碳税调整方式以优化社会福利.     

Numerical investigation on heat transfer characterization of liquid lithium metal in pipe

Liquid Li metal is a promising nuclear reactor coolant; however, relevant research regarding its heat transfer characteristics remains insufficient. In this study, a steady-state two-dimensional mathematical model is established to describe the heat transfer process of liquid Li in a straight pipe. A numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of inlet velocity, inlet temperature, and wall heat flux on heat transfer in liquid Li. The results indicate the advantage of using liquid Li for improving heat transfer at high inlet temperatures (> 1000 K) compared with using liquid sodium and lead–bismuth eutectic. Considering the mechanism of the outlet radial heat flow model, the ratio of turbulent to molecular diffusion coefficients presents a parabolic distribution along the radius of the pipe. Increasing the inlet velocity, decreasing the inlet temperature, and decreasing the wall heat flux can effectively weaken the dominant role of molecular heat transfer owing to the low Prandtl number of liquid Li. The heat transfer of liquid Li is investigated comprehensively in this study, and the results provide a basis for the practical application of liquid Li as a promising coolant.     

Nest structure and all stages of the long-cheeked yellow jacket Dolichovespula intermedia Birula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Nest structure, morphology of all stages and behaviour have contributed to the phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of social vespids. Two aerial nests of Dolichovespula intermedia were discovered in China. The morphology of the three castes, the five larval instars, and the nest structure of D. intermedia Birula, are described in detail and illustrated. The presence of only one campaniform sensillum above each labial palp and the dense minute spicules on the posterior gena found in D. intermedia larvae are mentioned here for the first time for Dolichovespula. The identification characters between D. intermedia and Dolichovespula sylvestris are briefly discussed.     

Incorporating textual and management factors into financial distress prediction: A comparative study of machine learning methods

Financial distress prediction (FDP) has been widely considered as a promising approach to reducing financial losses. While financial information comprises the traditional factors involved in FDP, nonfinancial factors have also been examined in recent studies. In light of this, the purpose of this study is to explore the integrated factors and multiple models that can improve the predictive performance of FDP models. This study proposes an FDP framework to reveal the financial distress features of listed Chinese companies, incorporating financial, management, and textual factors, and evaluating the prediction performance of multiple models in different time spans. To develop this framework, this study employs the wrapper-based feature selection method to extract valuable features, and then constructs multiple single classifiers, ensemble classifiers, and deep learning models in order to predict financial distress. The experiment results indicate that management and textual factors can supplement traditional financial factors in FDP, especially textual ones. This study also discovers that integrated factors collected 4 years prior to the predicted benchmark year enable a more accurate prediction, and the ensemble classifiers and deep learning models developed can achieve satisfactory FDP performance. This study makes a novel contribution as it expands the predictive factors of financial distress and provides new findings that can have important implications for providing early warning signals of financial risk.     

鱼类Ⅱ型抗冻蛋白-冰-水复合体系的理论模拟研究

对鱼类Ⅱ型抗冻蛋白冰晶组成的复合体系在真空条件下进行理论模拟计算的基础上,构建出鱼类Ⅱ型抗冻蛋白冰溶剂(水)的三元复合体系.经过350 ps的动态模拟,研究了溶剂化效应对蛋白冰相互作用体系的影响.通过分子力学及半经验量子力学的计算,进一步研究蛋白与冰晶的相互作用性质,结果表明溶剂化效应具有不容被忽视的重要作用.     

Command and control model based on complex information relation integration北大核心CSCD

In order to describe collaborative decision-making process, the command and control model is put forward based on complex information relation integrtion and OODA. The characteristics of individual decision-making are analyzed, the complex information relation is considered as the cause of OODA difficulty to describe collaborative decision-making exactly. From the perspective of armament system of systems combat, the information, data, intelligence and knowledge is defined based on knowledge management and Shannon's entropy theory. The basic element is confirmed and the information flow way is analyzed which in the physical, information, cognitive and social domains. From the perspective of information, the armament system of systems complex networks model framework is put forward based on the idea of using OODA to guide armament system of systems complex networks model design. The data, information, intelligence and knowledge flow is analyzed and the describing meta-model is put forward. Using the reticular structure of OODA to describe collaborative decision-making idea is proposed, the command and control model is put forward based on the idea, the simulating tool ExtendSim is used for simulation analysis and results show that our work offer a reference for innovate command and control thory. ©, 2015, The Journal Agency of Complex Systems and Complexity Science. All right reserved.     

电润湿显示器件的电场动态响应特性对其性能的影响

选用基于Teflon AF1600为绝缘层的电润湿显示器件,研究了电润湿显示器件的电场动态响应特性对其显示性能的影响,并分析了缺陷产生的机理.结果表明,区域像素电容值显著低于理想电容值的显示器件损坏率高,且开口率较低;区域像素电容值显著高于理想电容值的显示器件阈值电压较高,同时开口率也不理想;区域像素电容值接近于理想电容值的显示器件的显示性能普遍良好.而器件的损耗因数过大降低了像素电容的参考准确性.拆件分析也发现,区域像素电容值低的器件制备过程中引入的Na+,使得溶液电导通性发生改变,致使器件耐压下降;区域像素电容值高的器件,其绝缘层边缘过薄甚至部分无覆盖,致使其灵敏度降低,阈值电压升高.     

肉鸡烤翅热杀菌过程的热穿透特性及品质动力学

研究了不同含水率(w=30%~40%)肉鸡烤翅在热杀菌过程中(杀菌值F=0~5 min)的热穿透特性、品质变化规律及其动力学.结果表明:随着含水率的降低,罐头冷点加热速率系数fh、冷却速率系数fc、加热滞后因子jh、冷却滞后因子jc均降低;相同升温时间及保温时间下,含水率低的烤翅样品积累的F值更大;F值对烤翅的水分活度aw无显著影响(P0.05);烤翅的硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值变化遵循零级动力学方程,其变化速率k随含水率降低而增大;低强度的热杀菌有利于改善肉鸡烤翅的剪切力、硬度及咀嚼性,其下降曲线均遵循一级动力学方程,且受热杀菌破坏的速率均随着含水率的降低而减小.     

复方威茯急性毒性实验及抗炎镇痛作用观察

研究复方威茯的急性毒性作用,并观察其抗炎镇痛作用。以最大给药量方法进行急性毒性实验,观察小鼠一般情况等,14 d后处死解剖,观察小鼠主要脏器组织病变情况。以二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加,实验观察复方威茯抗炎作用。以冰醋酸致小鼠扭体、热板致小鼠疼痛探讨复方威茯镇痛作用。结果在急性毒性实验中,未见小鼠有中毒症状或死亡,外观表现未见异常,解剖后未见脏器异常;复方威茯可明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀度和醋酸致腹腔毛细血管通透性的增高(P0.05或P0.01),可明显减少醋酸致小鼠扭体反应次数(P0.01),可提高热板致小鼠疼痛的痛阈值(P0.05或P0.01)。说明复方威茯无明显的急性毒性作用,有明显的抗炎镇痛作用。